London: 3 March 2022 – In January
this year I read H.G. Wells’ War of the Worlds (1898) for the first
time. It is one of those ubiquitous books which everyone knows, but which lots
of people have never actually read. This was something which struck me when the
recent BBC TV dramatization was aired a year or two ago. It faithfully set the story
of the novel in its own time and its original place, unlike the most recent
Hollywood adaptation, starring Tom Cruise in 2005, which transposes the action
to modern day America. Or the earlier classic Hollywood version of 1953,
starring Gene Barry and Ann Robinson, which also changed the three-legged
Martian machines into boomerang-shaped flying saucers with cobra-headed heat
ray guns. While watching the BBC version, I commented to my mother that I’d
never read the original novel, but that I thought I really should someday,
because the idea that H.G. Wells could have dreamt up such a fantastical fictional
premise of aliens with advanced technology invading the Earth during the late
nineteenth-century’s ‘Age of Steam’ seemed so far removed from our present-day
conceptions of sci-fi. Noting this absent-minded musing of mine, my mother
bought the book and happily surprised me with it as a gift for my birthday a
couple of months later. But sadly, when I finally read Wells’ novel at the start
of this year, I had no idea how tragically apt a moment it would end up being;
to read such a book when the world was unwittingly drifting closer towards the
edge of a moment of unthinkable change – a change wrought by the potential prospect
of a third world war – when, at the end of the following month, Russia invaded
the Ukraine.
As a kid growing up during the
1980s, as for many people of my age, my main point of reference for Wells’ War
of the Worlds was Jeff Wayne’s musical version (1978), which we used to
listen to as a family in the car. I’ve always remembered the sinister moment
narrated by Richard Burton when the Martian cylinder begins to unscrew. For
some reason this moment really captured my imagination. Like many kids, I was
obsessed with the idea of extra-terrestrials and alien invasions. A fascination
first fed by the films, Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and E.T.
(1982), as well as old television series, such as The Invaders
(1967-1968) and more recent ones (at that time), such as V (1984-1985).
Later on, of course, there was The X-Files (1993-2002). I always knew
there was an element of Cold War paranoia hidden beneath the surface of such
films, especially old ones such as the 1953 version of War of the Worlds,
and The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), or Invaders from Mars
(1953). The common menace behind all of these films and TV shows was the
unknown; that creeping insidious fear which permeated the Cold War – not knowing
what the other side was up to, not knowing what they might be planning, but
knowing that they had the means to destroy everyone and everything should they
choose to do so. That threat of nuclear Armageddon with just the press of a
button. It was something which anyone alive in those decades post-World War 2
up until the end of the twentieth century, when the Cold War finally seemed to
come to a (largely) peaceful close in the period between 1989-1991 with the
collapse of the USSR.
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| H.G. Wells (National Portrait Gallery) |
For H.G. Wells the menace which
inspired him with such dreadful visions of the future was something different,
but something which nonetheless was at the very root of what the Cold War later
became. For Wells, his fear was the dehumanising mechanisation of death. In certain
ways, his novel foreshadowed the horrors unleashed on the grim battlefields of
the First World War, which took place only a couple of decades after the
publication of War of the Worlds in 1898. The incomprehensible truth of
mankind’s inhumanity towards itself is envisaged as manifested in the form of a
callously methodical and unsympathetic alien invader. And, in unleashing such a
cold-blooded enemy upon the unsuspecting Earth, Wells’ very matter-of-factly - if
somewhat macabrely - describes our familiar world being rent asunder, the
everyday world torn to shreds by enormous three-legged alien machines stalking
the land from sleepy Surrey into the bustling metropolis of London, which is
reduced to ashes via war and anarchy as the systems and institutions of society
crumble and collapse under the relentless onslaught of total war. In this very
specific way, Wells clearly foresaw the modern ‘Blitzkrieg’ of the Second World
War as much as he foresaw the senseless carnage of the battlefields being gassed during the
First World War. Watching the senselessness of the current Russian military advance
on multiple fronts into a peaceful Ukraine, the present war seems just as
inexplicable as it is horrifying.
When I read War of the Worlds
at the start of this year, I’d been surprised to see my hometown in northwest
London given two mentions in the course of the novel. The majority of the
action in the story takes place in Surrey, moving onto southwest and then
central London, with an interlude in which we follow the course of the narrator’s
brother, who eventually escapes England as a desperate refugee onboard a paddle
steamer which manages to cross the English Channel to the Continent, despite
being pursued by the Martian machines which are bravely opposed in a suicidal
last stand made by a Royal Navy dreadnought. The macabre appeal
of this truly remarkable novel is to picture the vivid descriptions of our sane
and orderly world uprooted and utterly smashed by uncontrollable and
unopposable forces. But as the events of the Second World War in particular
should have taught us, such a flight of the imagination is not so fanciful.
Those events are still within living memory for my parents’ and grandparents’
generations. It was the defining global event of their lifetimes, as was also the
Cuban Missile crisis of 1962. I’d always thought my generation’s defining moment was that hopeful and optimistic era which witnessed the fall of the
Berlin Wall, but since then we’ve had the shocking event of the terrorist
attacks of September 11, 2001 in the USA, as well as the wars, insurgencies and
subsequent terrorist attacks which have followed in their wake; then the current
Corona virus pandemic, along with the increasingly worsening effects of global
climate change as a backdrop to all of this, in just these first few decades of the
21st century. And now we have the megalomaniacal madness made manifest of Vladimir Putin, an unopposed autocrat ordering his troops to invade
a neighbouring sovereign state, all the while with his finger held poised over
the nuclear button, as he has duly warned us.
Given such a clear and unequivocal
threat, if we believe and sufficiently fear Putin’s resolve, our sense of
existential dread certainly feels more acute now than it has at any point
during the last 40 years. It is akin to that deeply sinister moment of hearing
the cylinder slowly starting to unscrew itself in War of the Worlds. During
my childhood my family always knew that in the event of a nuclear war we’d
almost certainly be instantly vaporised because we lived only a matter of a few
miles away from the NATO command centre at Northwood. There were undoubtedly a
couple of nuclear warheads sitting in Soviet missile silos with our names written
on them. In the more recent post-Cold War era, I’ve often wondered what has
happened to those missiles. We understood that the nuclear deterrent had been
downgraded on both of the formerly opposing sides of the Iron Curtain, but I’ve long been
fascinated by the subsequent rise of the enigma that is Vladimir Putin. Over
the last twenty or so years, reading articles speculating upon the
psychological implications of his having been a KGB officer stationed in East Germany at the time of the fall of the Berlin Wall, and how he and his comrades
had repeatedly called Moscow for instructions when the protestors were
hammering at the doors of the Soviet headquarters where he was rapidly
shredding documents, but the line was dead. The only reply they received was
silence. And not so very long thereafter the USSR itself was no longer a voice
on the global stage. All that was left was the seemingly insubstantial ghost of
a once great power. Only a year or two ago I marvelled as I read an article
about the Soviet military base at Vogelsang, close to Berlin, which is now a
ruin sought out by psycho-geographers and urbexers, but which was still manned
and operational when I first visited Berlin in February 1993 on my second visit
to the former GDR. Empty swimming pools, broken windows, trees growing through
crumbling concrete, and paint peeling from sun-bleached Soviet Realist statues
and murals. Looking at the accompanying photos of the base in its current derelict
state it looked to me like something from a different era altogether, not like
something which had been fully functioning in my own lifetime.
I’m currently living close to Westminster
Abbey. Many years ago, a friend of mine who worked in the House of Commons told
me that one of the reasons why the Jubilee Line extension on the London
Underground system was so delayed in opening was because the construction
workers had not correctly anticipated just how long it would take to punch
holes through the former nuclear bunker which had been built beside the Houses
of Parliament during the height of the Cold War. If you go into Westminster
Tube Station and ride the escalators down to the Jubilee Line platforms, you
can indeed still see the remnants of what looks like a much older concrete structure
behind the newer beams and pillars of the station complex, so there may well be
some truth to that conjecture. Hence, if Putin does press the button,
Westminster Tube Station might not be too bad a place to hurry to during such
an eventuality. If he does though, I think, remembering the sobering effect of
watching Raymond Brigg’s cartoon of When the Wind Blows (1986), I’d
rather disappear in the white heat of the blinding flash than survive in such a
blisteringly bleak world thereafter. Scientists say the nuclear weapons which are
extant nowadays are so far in advance of the power of any which have previously
been used in anger at either Hiroshima, Nagasaki, or the nuclear tests of the
1950s, that we probably wouldn’t stand a chance if these weapons were put into action.
There are no preparations we could possibly make for such an eventuality, and so
– much like in the 1980s – we can only ‘keep calm and carry on’, as the British
like to say.
What is more staggering perhaps, is
to realise how the world seems to have sleepwalked into this current situation.
Some say the West has handled Putin all wrong from the start. Rebuffing his friendly
overtures towards the European Union and to NATO, determined to treat Russia as
a second-rate world power, was arrogance and folly. Essentially NATO’s advance
to the East (contrary to promises apparently made to Putin), as Vladimir Pozner
suggests, has enacted a Cuban missile crisis in reverse. While others insist
that there is no such thing as an “ex-KGB officer.” Putin was never a man to be
trusted. In essence, he has simply been a ticking time bomb who has now reached
the end of a very long-smouldering fuse. Time’s up. Whichever way you choose to
look at it, this may well have been the inevitable outcome of either point of
view. I recall a BBC TV interview with the last Soviet leader, Mikhail
Gorbachev, in 2019 (I think). In which he was asked if he thought the world was
a safer place since the end of the Cold War, and he replied ‘far from it’ – he thought
the world ‘infinitely more dangerous now’ because those same weapons still existed,
yet they were now more powerful, and they were also considerably more
vulnerable than they’d ever been compared to those former times. Anything could
very easily happen these days, he said. He was perhaps referring to global
threats from terrorism arising from people with deluded ideological agendas,
but he was (perhaps understandably) non-committal on pertinent questions
concerning Russia’s current leadership when asked in such a context.
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| By Morten Morland (The Sunday Times) |
Gorbachev was right, though. Of
late the world has seemingly been increasingly poised, only a knife edge away
from the utterly irrational impinging upon the everyday, as the events of 9/11
clearly taught us – anything really can happen. So many strange and previously
unthinkable things have occurred in our recent times – think of the storming of
the US Capitol only a year or so ago. Anarchy lies just the other side of this
thin curtain called reality which we draw around ourselves and our societies. Only a week ago
the people of Ukraine were living their lives like the rest of us – going to
work, going to school, walking the dog, riding trains, commuting to work, going
shopping, driving cars, listening to music, watching TV, eating dinner, doing
all the normal things people and families do in a sane and stable world, but
now they have been utterly uprooted. The elderly and those with young children
fleeing from harm’s way are now refugees, while those who have stayed or are
returning to fight and resist the invader are all in mortal danger. It seems so
utterly unimaginable.
Simple misinformation, as well as
active disinformation, threaten our understanding of what is going on and could
so easily help to spin things out of control due to the current credulous nature
of unfiltered news and opinion, much like Orson Welles’ infamously all-too-realistic radio broadcast of War of the Worlds in 1938. We’ve no idea of
what Vladimir Putin is capable of doing. We watch dumbfounded, in fear and
aghast at the devastation he has unleashed upon the poor people of Ukraine.
Ordinary people, like those the world over, whose lives were much the same as
yours and mine only a week ago. We watch in horror. We watch feeling powerless.
We witness the inhumanity. And I can’t help reflecting how those fictional three-legged
machines with their heat rays stalking the Surrey countryside, burning up the
streets and villages for no sensible reason no longer seem quite so alien or
extraordinary now. It could so easily be anyone of us, any of our own
hometowns. We’ve long watched passively as this sort of thing has happened in
other places both near and far, and those who have tried to protest or warn of
this kind of thing have simply been ignored by those who have the real power to
do something meaningful and just about it – but somehow this time it is
different. This time it could very well be a moment of epochal change, as if we’ve
not already had enough of those arising in this increasingly deracinated and
deeply tarnished new century.
Something is deeply wrong with the way our world operates. In H.G. Wells’ War of the Worlds it was the smallest and seemingly the most inconsequential of organisms which eventually managed to overthrow the madness of the inhuman aggression which confronted the world, perhaps now it will be the right thoughts and right actions of all of us, no matter how small or individual we are, which can only be magnified if we band together and oppose the tyrannies of those who would have us living unquestioningly and according to their terms only, using our fears as the source of their strength and personal profits. Now is the wake-up call, telling us it is high time for us to shake off our apathy and our atomisation. Vaclav Havel called this social philosophy ‘Living in Truth.’ It’s worked in the past and it can work again if we stand strong, work together and will it to do so. We only have one world, and we clearly need greater and more inclusive unity in order to make it a better place. Whatever the outcome of this unpardonable act of aggression against Ukraine eventually is, it seems clear that our world will need to change not just accordingly, but hopefully radically, and radically for the better, in the wake of this present emergency. But that will depend on all of us doing what is right, and by all of us no longer allowing those who do wrong by others to get away with it.
Slava Ukraini!
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| 'Peace' by Waldemar Walczak |
I've not been able to find out who the artist is who created the two paintings used above (of the three-legged Martian machines attacking London and being faced down by the 'Thunder Child') - I sourced them from GoodReads, but if anyone knows please let me know and I'll credit them properly.
